Why Window Handle Types Matter
Unlike door handles — where a fairly universal lever mechanism covers most situations — window handles in the UK come in a wide variety of distinct types, each designed for a specific window mechanism. Fitting the wrong type simply won't work, so understanding the differences is essential before purchasing replacements or upgrades.
1. Cockspur Handles
The cockspur handle is the classic handle found on traditional timber casement windows and older UPVC windows. It features a curved, spur-shaped arm that hooks over a wedge plate on the window frame to hold the window closed.
- Common use: Timber casement windows; older UPVC casements
- Key measurement: Cockspur height (the distance from the spindle to the tip of the spur) — most common sizes are 9mm and 13mm
- Locking versions: Lockable cockspur handles add a key-operated lock to improve security
2. Espagnolette and Cremone Bolts
Espagnolette bolts operate a long vertical rod running up and down the window stile, engaging multiple locking points simultaneously. They are operated by rotating a handle, typically 90 or 180 degrees. Cremone bolts are a similar mechanism used on taller windows and French doors.
- Common use: Timber casement windows, French casement windows, heritage and conservation windows
- Advantage: Excellent security and draught-sealing due to multiple engagement points
- Popular in: Period properties, conservation areas, and high-specification new builds
3. Casement Window Fasteners (Wedge Plates)
Often paired with cockspur handles, casement fasteners include the wedge plate receiver and simple cam-action fasteners. On smaller casement windows, a surface-mounted casement fastener (sometimes called a casement latch) is used without a cockspur arm.
4. UPVC Multipoint Handles
Modern UPVC and composite casement windows often use a multipoint locking system operated by a handle that turns to engage multiple hooks or rollers around the frame. These are not interchangeable with traditional cockspur handles.
- Key measurements: Spindle size, backset, handle height (centres distance)
- Security: Generally offer better security than single-point fasteners
- Locking: Most include a key-locking option
5. Tilt-and-Turn Window Handles
Tilt-and-turn windows — common in flats and modern builds — use a dedicated handle that rotates between three positions: closed, tilt (top of window tilts inward for ventilation), and turn (full side opening). These handles are specific to the tilt-and-turn mechanism and must be replaced like-for-like.
6. Sash Window Furniture
Traditional vertical sliding sash windows use different furniture altogether:
- Sash lift — a small handle fitted to the bottom rail of the lower sash to lift it open
- Sash fastener (fitch fastener) — a rotating cam lock that secures the two sashes together at the meeting rail
- Sash pulley — not a handle, but an essential sash hardware component
7. Roof Window Handles
Velux-style roof windows use proprietary handles specific to the manufacturer and window model. Always cross-reference your window's model number when sourcing replacement roof window handles.
Quick Reference: Choosing the Right Window Handle
| Window Type | Handle Type Needed |
|---|---|
| Timber casement (traditional) | Cockspur handle or espagnolette bolt |
| UPVC casement (older) | Cockspur handle |
| UPVC/composite casement (modern) | UPVC multipoint handle |
| Tilt-and-turn | Tilt-and-turn handle |
| Vertical sliding sash | Sash lift + fitch fastener |
| French casement / large timber | Espagnolette or cremone bolt |
| Roof window | Manufacturer-specific handle |
Measuring for a Replacement Window Handle
When replacing an existing handle, always note: the spindle size, the PZ (centres) distance if applicable, the handle height for multipoint locks, and whether the handle is left-handed or right-handed. Taking a photo of the existing handle and its fixings before removing it can save considerable time when sourcing a replacement.